Impact of Modern Immunosuppressants of Cytokine Gen and Protein Expression in Transplant Recipients

Abstract

Organ transplantation represents a major medical achievement that offers prolonged survival for patients with chronic organ failure. The study evaluated the influence of contemporary immunosuppressive agents on cytokine gene and protein expression, including TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-10, using qRT-PCR and ELISA. Results revealed that patients under tacrolimus-based therapy showed a significant downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ) compared with cyclosporine-treated recipients. While IL-10 expression was markedly elevated, suggesting a shift toward immune tolerance. Moreover, cytokine balance correlated with improved graft function and reduced rejection episodes. These findings highlight the immunomodulatory differences between regimens and underscore the potential of cytokine profiles as predictive biomarkers for transplant outcomes. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into optimizing personalized immunotherapy and improving long-term graft survival in organ transplantation.