Interplay Between Iron Overload, Thyroid Dysfunction, and Biochemical Disturbances in Thalassemia Intermedia (BTI): A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Thalassemia Intermediate (BTI) is one of the inherited disorders with diminished or lacking chains of beta-globin production. Abnormal enzymes and hormones are commonly associated with thalassemia patients. The current study investigates variations in levels of thyroid hormones, hepatic, renal enzymes, and serum ferritin. Additionally, detection the distribution of blood groups with participants. Levels of thyroid hormones, including biochemical and hormones parameters were measured in patients and compared across sex groups. The result revealed that O+ RH was a high percentage (32%) associated with patients more than other blood groups. Also, a slight increase in the serum of TSH and T4 levels in males’ patients compared to females. Total serum bilirubin (TSB) concentrations were also higher in males compared to females, with a positive correlation of 0.88 and forward to TSB and AlP according to radar plot analysis. In conclusion, levels of ferritin, TSB, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly elevated in the males compared to females. The observed correlations between these parameters and disease status underscore the importance of regular monitoring and timely transfusion to mitigate biochemical disturbances and potential organ dysfunction.