Improve Heavy Metals Bioremediation in Contaminated Soils by Using Microbial Biotechnology

Abstract

Biotechnology offers new methods of solving environmental pollution, especially using microbial bioremediation applications, genetic engineering and biosensor technologies. This paper explores how microbial biotechnology and genome editing technology can be used to remove heavy metal in soils. The treatment of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn)-contaminated soil samples was done with the help of the bacterial cultures Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Streptomyces. The experimental data showed that the heavy metal concentrations were greatly decreased and the efficiencies of the removal were between 55.0 and 73.3 %. In particular, the removal efficiency of Pb was 66.7 %, Cd 73.3 %, and Zn 55.0 %. Results of this study highlight the usefulness of microbial bioremediation as a potential tool in cleaning up the environment. Moreover, there are also opportunities to improve the functioning of microorganisms through the introduction of the latest genetic engineering techniques. Including CRISPR-Cas9, which can potentially significantly improve their pollutant-degrading activity. This study justifies the possibility of using modern biotechnology as a sustainable, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective method of environmental pollution reduction, and as a promising factor in ecological health and the control of pollution.