A Biotechnology-Based Approach to Reducing the Infestation Potential of Pediculus humanus capitis Using Eco-Friendly ZnO Nanoparticles

Abstract

Pediculus humanus capitis was a prominent and widespread problem, especially among children, and its prevalence has been documented even in developed countries. This study aimed to investigate the antiparasitic activity of human head lice. The study used an aqueous extract of Abelmoschus esculentus, commercial nano zinc oxide with a particle size ranging from 90 to 200 nm, and bio-prepared nano zinc oxide with a particle size of 35 nm. After studying their physical properties and proving their existence, a study was conducted to find their effectiveness against this parasite. The water extract of Abelmoschus esculentus was tested at different concentrations, and it was determined that its LC50 was 71 mg/L Furthermore, when using commercial nano zinc oxide at several concentrations, increasing the concentration increased the killing rate, with its LC50 found to be 19.8 mg/L. As for the prepared nano-bio-zinc oxide, it can be observed that the antiparasitic activity value generally increases with increasing concentration of the substance, with its LC50 reaching 15 mg/L. Results demonstrate a significant difference, with the prepared zinc oxide exhibiting higher biological activity. Nanoparticle preparation using biological systems represents a promising alternative for developing a large-scale strategy for eliminating parasites.