Biochemical Markers in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Resistance, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation

Abstract

This cross-sectional study includes 120 adults, 60 with metabolic syndrome MetS and 60 controls. Also, involved the relationship between insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The MetS group showed higher levels of BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, MDA, and hs-CRP, and lower levels of HDL cholesterol, TAC, and adiponectin (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between HOMA-IR and MDA/hs-CRP, and a negative correlation with TAC/adiponectin. Path analysis revealed that BMI indirectly influenced HOMA-IR via MDA and hs-CRP (β = 0.34, p < 0.001). A combined biomarker panel (MDA, TAC, hs-CRP, adiponectin) showed high diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.91). The study suggests that oxidative stress, inflammation, and decreased adiponectin are closely linked to insulin resistance in MetS, highlighting their potential for improved risk stratification.