Journal of Wasit for Science and Medicine
Journal title Journal of Wasit for Science and Medicine (JWSM) Indexing Online ISSN Print ISSN 2791-3864 1992-5816 Frequency 4 issues per year DOI prefix 10.31185 Editor in Chief Managing Editor: Prof. Dr. Subhi Abdul Sattar Hassan Ali Al-Bayaty, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Wasit University, Iraq Email: salbayaty@uowasit.edu.iq Associated Professor Dr. Hayder Dawood Jasim Qasim Arkawazi, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Wasit University, Iraq harkawazi@uowasit.edu.iq Organized by College of Science – Wasit University, Iraq Citation Analysis Scopus | Google Scholar Acceptance Rate: 40% Review Speed: 90 days Before submission, You have to make sure that your paper is prepared using the JWSM paper Template, or Latex Template has been carefully proofread and polished, and conformed to the author's guidelines. Online Submissions Do you already have a username/password for JWSM? GO TO LOGIN Need a username/password? GO TO REGISTRATION Registration and login are required to submit items online and check current submissions' status.
Development of Nanostructured CuO Films Using DC Magnetron Sputtering for Ammonia Gas Sensing Applications
In this study, nanostructured copper oxide (CuO) thin films were prepared using DC magnetron sputtering for application as an ammonia (NH₃) gas sensor. The films were deposited on glass substrates under different Ar:O₂ gas ratios (1:1 and 2:1), and the effect of post-deposition thermal treatment on structural and morphological properties was investigated. XRD analysis revealed that the films were polycrystalline with a clear preferred orientation, while FE-SEM images showed uniform nanosized grains with average sizes ranging from 35 to 44 nm, depending on the gas mixture ratio, indicating controlled crystal growth. FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of chemical bonds characteristic of copper oxide, verifying the formation of the desired. Gas sensing tests demonstrated effective NH₃ detection, with sensitivity directly influenced by grain size, surface roughness, and surface area, which facilitated efficient gas adsorption and rapid response and recovery these results indicate that DC magnetron sputtered nanostructured CuO films are promising candidates for high-performance ammonia gas sensors. Furthermore, sensor performance can be optimized by carefully controlling gas ratios and thermal treatment conditions, providing potential for practical applications in industrial and environmental NH₃ monitoring.
Copyright (c) 2025 Basima Saleem Dawood https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TiO2 Nanoparticles Green Synthesis Utilising Cynara scolymus for Efficient removal of Pb (II) ions
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized using Cynara scolymus seed extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. TiO2 NPs were fully characterized by FT-IR, SEM, and TEM techniques to confirm the formation of stable nanoparticles with a spherical morphology and sizes ranging from 10 to 30 nm. TiO2 NPs demonstrated considerable and instantaneous efficacy to precipitate lead ions (Pb²⁺) from aqueous solutions without pH or contact time adjustments. The green synthesis approach offers a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to traditional methods. Also, suggesting a potential application of synthesized nanoparticles for environmental remediation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fatma Abbas Khazaal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Antimicrobial Activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus Isolated from Breast Milk In Vitro
Probiotics are used as a method to prevent many disorders and treat diseases. Lactobacillus acidophilus was isolated from breast milk with the intention of studying their properties as probiotics in view of their importance isolates to simulate gastric juice antibacterial activity of bacteria isolates against enteric pathogenic bacteria. Evaluation of five positive samples out of 102 have been isolated and identified, by using selective media (MRS-VA), biochemical tests and molecular diagnosis using the 16S rRNA gene. The probiotic potential was assessed by determining antibiotic susceptibility through the disc diffusion method. Among five isolates, lactobacillus acidophilus was also highly resistant to simulated gastric environment, though there was a decreasing by 0.287 after incubation for three hours at 37 ºC in the simulated gastric juice with pH 2.5. Lactobacillus acidophilus exhibited a strong antimicrobial effect against the selected gram-negative salmonella typhimurium, and E. coli. Also, gram-positive staphylococcus aureus pathogens. The very small p-values (p = 0.001**). Based on findings, isolated lactobacillus acidophilus displayed promising probiotic characteristics, highlighting human milk as a potential source of these beneficial bacteria.
Copyright (c) 2026 Noor Salman Khudhair, Jawad Kadhim Isa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Immunological Detection of IL-6 and IL-12 for Prognostic Markers of Bacterial Tonsillitis Among Immunocompromised Patients in Wasit Province
This study investigated the bacterial profile and immunological response in immunocompromised patients suffering from tonsillitis, including recurrent cases, diabetic patients, and pregnant women. Bacteriological analysis revealed that Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent isolate (38%), followed by Streptococcus pyogenes (20%). Immunologically, a significant downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed across all patient groups. IL-6 levels were significantly reduced in recurrent 14.58 ± 0.95 pg/ml., diabetic 14.77 ± 1.51 pg/ml., and pregnant patients (p < 0.0161) compared to healthy controls. Similarly, IL-12 levels showed a marked decline, particularly in recurrent respiratory patients 169.26 ± 8.06 pg/ml., and diabetic individuals 199.87 ± 23.4 pg/ml., indicating a compromised Th1-mediated immune response. These findings suggest that the suppression of IL-6 and IL-12 signaling pathways impairs pathogen clearance, leading to increased susceptibility and chronicity of tonsillar infections in these vulnerable populations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zainab Noori Hather, Alaa Ali Matrood https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation of Hormonal and Immune Changes in Pregnant Woman with Gingivitis
Pregnancy is accompanied by marked hormonal and immunological changes that may influence oral tissues and increase susceptibility to gingival inflammation. Gingivitis is commonly observed among pregnant women and is often aggravated by these physiological alterations. Therefore, this study evaluated hormonal and immunological changes in pregnant women with gingivitis compared with healthy pregnant and healthy non-pregnant women. The study included three groups, pregnant women with gingivitis, healthy pregnant women, and healthy non-pregnant women. Besides serum levels of reproductive hormones including FSH, LH, estradiol, progesterone, and prolactin, as well as inflammatory cytokines were measured and analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Estradiol, progesterone, and prolactin were significantly higher, whereas FSH and LH were lower in pregnant women. Inflammatory cytokines were also significantly elevated in pregnant women with gingivitis, indicating increased susceptibility to gingival inflammation during pregnancy for maternal and fetal.
Copyright (c) 2026 Noor Nemia Hafed, Jafar Abbas Fadel Al-Maamori https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Histochemical Indicators of Muscle Degradation in Three Imported Frozen Fish Products in Al-Kut City
Fish products in Iraq are low-priced relative to their high nutritional value, and an important part of the Iraqi people's diet. However, freezing process may affect the nutritional values of these products. The study was conducted to detect nutrient levels, including protein, glycogen, and collagen, in the fish product’s meat using histochemical studies. From Iraqi markets, 36 skeletal muscle samples were taken from three types of fish products such as Nile tilapia fillets, Pangasius steaks, and Atlantic salmon portions. All samples were dyed with Bromophenol blue stain, Periodic-acid Schiff stain, Malory`s trichrome stain and measured by the ImageJ program. The histochemical work revealed that muscles of Atlantic salmon portions were the richest in protein, while Pangasius steaks had the lowest protein content. Nile tilapia fillets had the highest glycogen and collagen ratio in this study. Thus, Atlantic salmon portions and Nile Tilapia fillets are good options for dieting.
Copyright (c) 2026 Atyaf Abdul Hasan Hussein, Ahmad Mahdi Saleh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Herpes Simplex Virus Utilising Real-Time PCR in Pregnant and Aborted Woman
Toxoplasmosis and Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections may have severe effects especially in pregnancy resulting in a greater risk of unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. The purpose of this study was to research the prevalence of T. gondii and HSV mixed infection in pregnant women and aborted women. The sampled population consisted of 250 patients; 100 pregnant, 100 abortions, and 50 healthy controls. Rapid diagnostic tests of Toxoplasma IgG antibodies and real-time PCR of the T. gondii and HSV DNA were conducted. Positive Toxoplasma IgG showed in 23% of pregnant, 21% of abortion and 0% in healthy women. It was found by real-time PCR that 19% of pregnant women and 16% of aborted women were positive of T. gondii, and 7% of pregnant and 17% of abortion women were positive of HSV. The difference was significant in the prevalence of T. gondii and HSV infection in study groups (p < 0.05).
Copyright (c) 2026 Duaa Abdulkhaliq Zgaeer, Abdul Kareem Aakool Rabeea https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Biochemical Markers in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Resistance, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation
This cross-sectional study includes 120 adults, 60 with metabolic syndrome MetS and 60 controls. Also, involved the relationship between insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The MetS group showed higher levels of BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, MDA, and hs-CRP, and lower levels of HDL cholesterol, TAC, and adiponectin (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between HOMA-IR and MDA/hs-CRP, and a negative correlation with TAC/adiponectin. Path analysis revealed that BMI indirectly influenced HOMA-IR via MDA and hs-CRP (β = 0.34, p < 0.001). A combined biomarker panel (MDA, TAC, hs-CRP, adiponectin) showed high diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.91). The study suggests that oxidative stress, inflammation, and decreased adiponectin are closely linked to insulin resistance in MetS, highlighting their potential for improved risk stratification.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lamis Mohamed Othman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparative Diagnosis and Epidemiological Determinants of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Wasit, Iraq
Helicobacter pylori is a leading cause of chronic gastrointestinal disorders around the globe. Herein authors aimed to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection among symptomatic patients in Al-Kut /Iraq during the year 2022. Authors evaluate the diagnostic performance of H. pylori Stool Antigen Tests (SAT) and H. pylori Blood Antibody (Serology) tests. The 14C-Urea Breath Test (UBT) was performed as a confirmatory test. The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was very high 51.92% for serology vs. 50.64% for SAT. Infection was confirmed by UBT in 51.85% of the suspected cases. There was a significant correlation between the seasonal trend and high prevalence rates, and notably a marked predilection among females (75%) compared to males (25%).
Copyright (c) 2026 Huda Hadi Raheem, Dhuha Abdul Hadi Hamzah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Numerical Model of MHD Influence on Casson Blood Flow in Bifurcated Stenosed Artery
This study computationally examines the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) influence on blood flow dynamics in a bifurcated artery with mild stenosis. An external transverse magnetic field was used to study the complicated changes in blood flow under a constant Reynolds number (Re = 300) and a certain level of blockage ( = 0.51375). The mathematical model assesses critical physiological characteristics, such as dimensionless pressure drop, wall shear stress, and flow streamline topologies, under different magnetic intensities (M = 0, 4, and 8). The results show that there is a direct positive relationship between the magnetic parameter and the pressure decrease across the stenosis, parent artery, and daughter artery. Also, using the magnetic field makes the wall shear much stronger, making both positive and negative peak fluctuations near the geometric limits worse. Streamline visualizations are very important because they show that in the purely hydrodynamic situation (M = 0), there are clear flow separations and recirculation eddies downstream of the stenosis. However, adding the magnetic field stops these secondary flows. The Lorentz force that is created helps keep things stable by reducing the number of disturbed recirculation zones. To validate the suggested model, the current numerical results were compared with existing literature, revealing substantial concordance. In the end, these results show that external magnetic fields can organize and stabilize complex disturbed flow fields, even though they increase flow resistance and local shear stress. This has important implications for bio-magnetic therapy and the study of how cardiovascular disease progresses.
Copyright (c) 2026 Esam A. Alnussairy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Organic and Nano Fertilizers on Biosynthesis of Active Compounds in Fenugreek (Trigonella Feonum-graeum L.)
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is a well-known medicinal and aromatic plant that contains diverse bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and essential vitamins. The biosynthesis of these compounds is the target of sustainable fertilization strategies to increase plant quality and therapeutic value. Field experiment was carried out at the College of Science, Wasit University, to study the effect of foliar application of organic and nano-fertilizers, alone and in combination on growth, and biochemical characteristics in fenugreek plant. Results indicated that the sprayed plants, especially those getting a simultaneous spray with nano-fertilizers and organic, presented an observable increase in vegetative height as compared to unsprayed control. Plant canopy, number of branches and leaf development significantly increased after treatment. In addition, the foliar application increased the nutrient absorption as indicated by increase in tissue NPK content and improvement of biosynthesis of major bioactive metabolites. However, concentration of vitamin C and E in plants treated with combination also was significantly increased, demonstrating an efficient activity of metabolism, antioxidant and biosynthetic capability in plants. Data indicates that the combination of nano and organic fertilizer may be an excellent and sustainable approach for enhancing growth, nutrient uptake, as well as the synthesis of medicinally important metabolites in fenugreek. These are also consistent with ecological agriculture and make contributions to high-quality medicinal plant crude drug production.
Copyright (c) 2026 Marwa Mhaibis Thijeel, Wasan Hmaza Mazeil https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Electromagnetic and Microwave Absorption in Y-Type Ba2Co2₋xZnxFe12O22 Hexaferrites
Y-type hexaferrites with the nominal composition Ba2Co2₋xZnxFe12O22 (x = 0 and 1) were made using the standard solid state reaction procedure and sintered at 1000 °C. The structure of the sample in X-ray diffraction showed a single phase of Y-type with a high crystallinity and minor increase in lattice parameters owing to the replacement of Zn2+ ions by Co2+. The crystallite size decreased slightly due to the presence of Zn ions, which must have inhibited the growth of the grain and enhanced the microstructural homogeneity. X-band (8-12 GHz) measurements with a vector network analyzer showed that incorporation of Zn increased both dielectric and magnetic losses by a considerable amount giving improved impedance matching and increased absorption efficiency. Best reflections loss was recorded to be 37.8 dB at 10.4 GHz at an effective absorption bandwidth of over 2.3 GHz with a composition of Ba2Co2₋xZnxFe12O22, as compared to Ba2Co2Fe12O22 which has a reflection loss of 28.6 dB at 9.7 GHz. The increase in absorption is explained by the synergistic processes in terms of dipolar polarization, domain wall resonance and balanced dielectric-magnetic coupling. These observations point to the conclusion that Zn-modified Y-type hexaferrites are the good candidates to be used in radar absorbing coating, electromagnetic shielding, and microwave-photonics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdullah Ahmed Khalaf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Vitamin B12 Deficiency on Reproductive and Metabolic Outcomes in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that has a wide range of clinical heterogeneity with a global prevalence from 5 to 13% in women of reproductive age. It has been progressively proposed that shortages of micronutrients like vitamin B12 are related to both metabolic and reproductive disorders in PCOS females Vitamin B12 plays a critical role in the metabolism of homocysteine, the methylation pathways and oocyte quality. On the contrary in B12 deficiency, the influence of deficiency can be seen on clinical features such as insulin resistance, gangrene, menstrual abnormalities, anovulation and dermal symptoms such as acne and hirsutism. Ninety-three women were assessed for the structured questionnaire and biochemical parameters such as serum B12, HOMA-IR, BMI and reproductive history from clinical and outpatient gynecology centers in Wasit Province, Iraq. In addition to greater menstrual cycle irregularities and lower parity, the low B12 group also had higher HOMA-IR and BMI as identified using ng-H. Nevertheless, an association was reported between metformin and menstrual irregularity, but it was relatively weak (OR = 2.17, 95% C. I: 0.60-7.91). Results contribute to the rising evidence that deficiency of vitamin B12 may exacerbate the clinical features of PCOS. Also, emphasize the importance of adding micronutrient screening, namely B12, to routine examination and management of PCOS, especially in long term Metformin users. Additional interventional studies on the impact of B12 supplementation on metabolic and reproductive outcomes among women with the condition.
Copyright (c) 2026 Iqbal Sahi Tuama, Mariam Jabbar Abboud https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for Patients with Ear Infection in Wasit Province
Bacterial ear infections represent a significant public health challenge, particularly in developing regions where antimicrobial resistance is escalating at an alarming rate. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence, bacteriological profile, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients with ear infections attending Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital and private otolaryngology clinics in Wasit Province, Iraq between November 2024 and June 2025. A total of 300 ear swabs were collected and processed under standardized microbiological protocols. P. aeruginosa was detected in 16.67% (50/300) samples, representing 36.08% of total bacterial isolates. Among the 50 confirmed isolates, 74% were associated with otitis externa and 26% with otitis media. All isolates were confirmed by PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene (956 bp amplicon), yielding 100% concordance with conventional biochemical identification. The highest infection rate was recorded in patients aged 40-60 years (24.39%), with no statistically significant gender differences (P > 0.05). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing followed Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2025 guidelines, revealing optimal activity for ceftazidime (90%), amikacin (88%), meropenem (86%), and imipenem (84%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 40% of isolates and extensive drug resistance (XDR) in 8%. Piperacillin demonstrated near-universal resistance (98%), rendering it clinically ineffective. These findings underscore the urgent necessity for continuous antimicrobial surveillance and evidence-based empirical treatment protocols in Wasit Province.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fatima Mushtaq Abd Al-Saheb, Zainab Nashat Shkur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Aspirin on the Mitotic Index in Bone Marrow Stem Cells of Albino Swiss Mice
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is among the most used over-the-counter drugs worldwide for the treatment of various conditions including analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory. Effects on its large therapeutic spectrum allows the use of Eleuphyllin, its use in clinical practice is limited by the cytogenetic and genotoxic effects that this drug may promote with prolonged or uncontrolled use. The mitotic index (MI) serves as a key cytological marker that reflects the proliferative activity of cells and identifies experimental disturbances associated with cell division. The goal of this study is to evaluate the genotoxic effect of aspirin in laboratory mice, utilizing the mitotic index of bone marrow stem cells. The dividing cells mitotic index (MI) was used as a measure of cytogenetic damage and mitotic inhibition. Significant dose-dependent decreases in mitotic index were seen in the aspirin-treated mice compared to the controls. The results indicate that aspirin may affect normal cell division and has genotoxic effects on bone marrow cells.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahlam Hameed Mageed, Ahlam Ghareeb Nuhair https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Pre-Dialysis Renal Failure Patients
Renal failure performs the stage of worsening of the kidney work, it lacks the capacity to filter impurities from the blood, which causes a general imbalance in the body. The aim of this study is to evaluation specific hematological and biochemical parameters in renal failure patients before dialysis and compare results with healthy control. Blood samples were taken from 50 patients and 40 controls. This study found a significant decrease in Hb, PCV in all patients while WBCs showing significant increase in male patient before peritoneal dialysis only, in female WBCs showed significant increase in both dialysis. PLT showed significant increase in all patients. Urea and creatinine are found to be significantly increased in patients. Depending on the study results, there are physiological and biochemical changes for all renal failure patients that lead to effect on the function of difference organs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nada Hameed Ajam, Eman Hamza Kdur, Ali Shakir Kamil https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Application of Expired Amoxicillin as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Acidic Conditions
The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of expired amoxicillin as an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel (CS) in a 1.0 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) techniques were employed to evaluate the inhibition efficiency, along with weight loss measurements over a concentration range of 50-300 ppm and a temperatures range of 303-333 K. SEM and AFM were used to analyze the surface morphology. Discoveries indicate that the expired amoxicillin is a mixed-type inhibitor, reaching the peak efficacy of 91.2 % at 300 ppm and 303 K. Adsorption is by the Langmuir Isotherm as an unstirred physical adsorption. The surface examination established the growth of a protective coating that minimized the corrosive losses. This research indicates the utility of the expired pharmaceuticals as a more affordable and cost-effective substitute corrosion inhibitor that is environmentally friendly.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammed Mahdi Mohammed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Biotechnology-Based Approach to Reducing the Infestation Potential of Pediculus humanus capitis Using Eco-Friendly ZnO Nanoparticles
Pediculus humanus capitis was a prominent and widespread problem, especially among children, and its prevalence has been documented even in developed countries. This study aimed to investigate the antiparasitic activity of human head lice. The study used an aqueous extract of Abelmoschus esculentus, commercial nano zinc oxide with a particle size ranging from 90 to 200 nm, and bio-prepared nano zinc oxide with a particle size of 35 nm. After studying their physical properties and proving their existence, a study was conducted to find their effectiveness against this parasite. The water extract of Abelmoschus esculentus was tested at different concentrations, and it was determined that its LC50 was 71 mg/L Furthermore, when using commercial nano zinc oxide at several concentrations, increasing the concentration increased the killing rate, with its LC50 found to be 19.8 mg/L. As for the prepared nano-bio-zinc oxide, it can be observed that the antiparasitic activity value generally increases with increasing concentration of the substance, with its LC50 reaching 15 mg/L. Results demonstrate a significant difference, with the prepared zinc oxide exhibiting higher biological activity. Nanoparticle preparation using biological systems represents a promising alternative for developing a large-scale strategy for eliminating parasites.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nawar Jaber Hussein Al-Asadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Improve Heavy Metals Bioremediation in Contaminated Soils by Using Microbial Biotechnology
Biotechnology offers new methods of solving environmental pollution, especially using microbial bioremediation applications, genetic engineering and biosensor technologies. This paper explores how microbial biotechnology and genome editing technology can be used to remove heavy metal in soils. The treatment of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn)-contaminated soil samples was done with the help of the bacterial cultures Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Streptomyces. The experimental data showed that the heavy metal concentrations were greatly decreased and the efficiencies of the removal were between 55.0 and 73.3 %. In particular, the removal efficiency of Pb was 66.7 %, Cd 73.3 %, and Zn 55.0 %. Results of this study highlight the usefulness of microbial bioremediation as a potential tool in cleaning up the environment. Moreover, there are also opportunities to improve the functioning of microorganisms through the introduction of the latest genetic engineering techniques. Including CRISPR-Cas9, which can potentially significantly improve their pollutant-degrading activity. This study justifies the possibility of using modern biotechnology as a sustainable, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective method of environmental pollution reduction, and as a promising factor in ecological health and the control of pollution.
Copyright (c) 2026 Raghda Saad Jameel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Vitamin C and Ferric Gluconate Modulatory Effects on Methotrexate-Induced Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress
Methotrexate (MTX) is a common drug for inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, although it has been associated with cytogenetic abnormalities, which suggest genotoxicity. This research evaluated the impact of vitamin C and ferric gluconate on micronucleus (MN) frequency and oxidative stress in patients receiving MTX. One hundred subjects were divided into four groups: MTX alone, MTX + vitamin C, MTX + ferric gluconate and combination adjunct therapy. Blood samples were taken at baseline and 8 weeks to measure MN and oxidative stress. Following treatment, the MTX group had increased MN, while the adjunct therapy groups, particularly the combined group had decreased MN. Oxidative stress analyses showed decreased MDA and increased GSH, SOD and CAT in the adjunct groups, especially the combined group (p < 0.001). Correlation studies suggested that the improved oxidative status was correlated with genomic stability. These findings suggest that vitamin C and ferric gluconate, particularly the combination, are associated with improved oxidative status and reduced chromosomal damage in patients receiving MTX.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lina Mussa Kadhim, Alyaa Abdulhadi Salih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pitting Corrosion Resistance of 316L Stainless Steel in Physiological and Marine Chloride Environment
This experiment compares the pitting corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel in two chloride environments, 3.5 wt.% NaCl, simulated seawater, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), which is a physiological medium, in potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Findings point to the conclusion that the PBS + NaCl solution is more violent with the passive film of the 316 L stainless steel. An experiment with potentiodynamic polarization indicated that this electrolyte had a lower pitting potential than sal-ammoniac and indicated that the electrolyte was more subject to the initiation of pits. EIS analysis confirms these results with the lowering of the charge transfer resistance and changed capacitive behavior, which was evidence of the formation of a thinner, less stable, and more defective passive film. Quantitative analysis of the electrochemical behavior was done through equivalent circuit models with a constant phase element (CPE). In general, the integrated electrochemical measures indicate that, despite the overall good corrosion performance of 316L stainless steel, the passive film is more prone to localized corrosion in compound chloride-rich environments, including physiological fluids. Such intuitions are essential in the choice of materials and determining the risk of corrosion in the engineering of marine structures and biomedical implants.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zeena Razaq Katoof https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Interplay Between Iron Overload, Thyroid Dysfunction, and Biochemical Disturbances in Thalassemia Intermedia (BTI): A Cross-Sectional Study
Thalassemia Intermediate (BTI) is one of the inherited disorders with diminished or lacking chains of beta-globin production. Abnormal enzymes and hormones are commonly associated with thalassemia patients. The current study investigates variations in levels of thyroid hormones, hepatic, renal enzymes, and serum ferritin. Additionally, detection the distribution of blood groups with participants. Levels of thyroid hormones, including biochemical and hormones parameters were measured in patients and compared across sex groups. The result revealed that O+ RH was a high percentage (32%) associated with patients more than other blood groups. Also, a slight increase in the serum of TSH and T4 levels in males’ patients compared to females. Total serum bilirubin (TSB) concentrations were also higher in males compared to females, with a positive correlation of 0.88 and forward to TSB and AlP according to radar plot analysis. In conclusion, levels of ferritin, TSB, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly elevated in the males compared to females. The observed correlations between these parameters and disease status underscore the importance of regular monitoring and timely transfusion to mitigate biochemical disturbances and potential organ dysfunction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Layth Ammar Chyad, Wisam Haseeb Shakir, Ali Saad Kadum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation of Urea and Creatinine Levels in Chronic Renal Failure in Wasit province
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a chronic ailment resulting in a gradual and persistent worsening of the kidney functioning, which results in a substantial influence on the body fluid and electrolyte balance and the buildup of toxic wastes. The research was done in Wasit Governorate and in partnership with Al-Zahraa General Hospital and Martyr Dr. Fayrouz Hospital. A cross-section of sixty patients was selected, comprising patients with chronic kidney disease and healthy people and a range from 21 to 98 years old. A collection and analysis of samples were done at the laboratory, where urea and creatinine concentrations of the blood of the participants were examined. The percentages were used to depict the resulting data in terms of age groups, gender segregation (male and female), and urea and creatinine levels. The correlation between these health variables and kidney failure complications, such as anemia and blood pressure, was determined. Findings revealed that urea and creatinine levels were significantly surged in patients with kidney failure as compared to healthy people. That is an explicit indication of deterioration of kidney functions. It was also established that males showed more elevated creatinine levels than females, with females having more anemia levels. These findings show that monitoring biomarkers regularly is essential to reduce the complications of chronic kidney failure and improve the quality of life of patients.
Copyright (c) 2026 Noor Majeed Abdulhasan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Predicting Role of VKORC1 Gene and Cardiac Enzymes in Incidence of Cardiovascular Diseases
VKORC1 gene encodes the VKORC1 enzyme that resides in endoplasmic reticulum membrane, and responsible for activating and recycling of vitamin K. The current study investigates the frequency of VKORC1 gene polymorphism in patients with cardiovascular diseases, and relationship with levels of serum cardiac enzymes in Wasit province (Iraq). Genetic analysis shows the significant high frequency of VKORC1-1639G >A was seen among the GA genotype (48.33%) when compared to GG (38.33%) and AA (13.33%) genotypes. While significant reduction was reported in GA genotype (8.33%) in comparison with other GG (63.33%) and AA (20%) genotypes in healthy cases. Subsequently, the frequency of G allele in patient and healthy individuals was significantly higher than the frequency of A allele. Regarding cardiac enzymes. This study demonstrates the effect of VKORC1-1639G>A polymorphism on incidence of cardiovascular diseases as shown in increasing the frequency of GA genotype in study patients compared to healthy individuals.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zainab Dhiyaa Jabori https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Stellar Activity Effects on Detection and Characterization of Exoplanets Utilizing TESS Data
The current article explores the influence of stellar activity, specifically starspots and stellar flares, on the detection and characterization of exoplanets in TESS data. Stellar activity indicators (photometric modulation amplitude, flare frequency) were determined for 50 active G and K‑type stars. Significant positive correlations were found between stellar photometric variability and both the false‑alarm probability (p < 0.01) and the uncertainty of the measured planetary radius (R² = 0.76). Applying Gaussian process regression, a newly developed detrending algorithm for stellar activity indicators reduces the false‑positive rate by approximately 40% (from 18.6% to 11.2% in our sample) and improves the accuracy of planetary radius estimates by approximately 30% (reducing the mean relative uncertainty from 22.4% to 15.7% for injected Earth‑sized planets). Thus, accounting for stellar activity is essential for trustworthy exoplanet discovery and characterization.
Copyright (c) 2026 Imad Kamil Zayer https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of An Ionosphere Monitoring Sensors Placed on Nanosatellites
The significance and difficulties of instrumental research on density of the upper atmosphere (ionosphere) such as the composition are discussed. Coupling the density and the ionic composition sensor for high atmosphere, mounted on nanosatellites, are suggested as a solution to these issues. A rough idea for a compact combined converter of the higher atmospheric layers' density and ionic composition is provided. The primary characteristics of the sensor were established based on modeling the ionization processes in the working region of the vacuum transducer and the electron-ion trap.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shaimaa Hussein Shahad, Ali Noori Mohammed, Firas Mohammad Dashoor https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Early Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in High-Risk Patients with Acute Cholecystitis
Acute cholecystitis is a frequent surgical emergency, especially in elderly patients with several comorbidities. The study was a prospective cohort study carried out at Al-Karama Teaching hospital, Wasit, Iraq, during a period of 36 months (January 2023-January 2026) and involved 58 high-risk patients to determine the safety of early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) and the short-term outcomes, as well as whether disease sever. The term high-risk was considered as having at least one of the following systemic comorbidities (hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, ischaemic heart disease, chronic kidney disease, or COPD). The severity of the disease was stratified in terms of the Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18), and the burden of comorbidity was measured through ASA classification and cumulative comorbidity count. Results demonstrated that higher TG18 severity grades were significantly associated with longer operative time, increased complications, a conversion rate of 20.7% (n=12), and prolonged hospital stay (p < 0.05). In contrast, cumulative comorbidity burden had limited impact on most primary outcomes. ELC was successfully completed laparoscopically in 79.3% of cases, with acceptable morbidity and low 30-day mortality (1.7%). In conclusion, ELC is safe in comorbid patients, and TG18 disease severity is the primary determinant of surgical outcomes, outperforming comorbidity burden in predicting operative difficulty and recovery trajectory.
Copyright (c) 2026 Naseer Kadhim Al-Maliky https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis (MIPO) Versus Conventional Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) in The Management of Distal Tibial Fractures
Distal tibial fractures pose special problems in terms of surgical treatment because of precarious blood supply and thin, soft tissue envelopes. Where resources are limited as in the case of Iraq, the most important aspect is to reduce complications by maximizing outcomes. This was a prospective cohort study that compared the use of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) to the conventional open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in sixty-four patients who had AO/OTA 43-A and 43-B fracture of the distal tibia at the Al-Karama Teaching Hospital between January and December 2023. The patients were divided into MIPO (n = 32) and ORIF (n = 32), according to the surgical schedule and feasibility of the operations. The Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) at 12 months, time to radiological union, and complication rates were considered as primary outcome measures. The secondary outcomes included hardware-related issues and return-to-work interval. The MIPO group recorded a much better mean OMAS score (78.4 ± 9.2 vs. 67.1 ± 11.5; p = 0.002), union time (14.2 ± 2.1 vs. 17.8 ± 3.4 weeks; p < 0.001), and superficial infection rates (6.3% vs. 25.0%; p = 0.048). The deep infection incidence and malunion rates were found not to differ significantly (p = 0.32 and p = 0.31) respectively. These results indicate that MIPO represents better functional recovery and lower early morbidity in the Iraqi clinical setting, despite constraints in postoperative rehabilitation and follow-up adherence. An algorithm of surgical decisions is suggested to be adapted locally and provide guidance for implementation in similar settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muslim Aqeel Abbas, Durgham Hussain Jasim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Bacteriological Profile of Tonsillitis with Emphasis on Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, and Biofilm Formation in Wasit Province
The study investigates the antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and its ability to form biofilm formation. In addition to the identification of causative agents Streptococcus pyogenes and other bacteria in tonsillitis patients at Al-Numaniya, and Al-Zahra Teaching Hospitals between September 2024 and May 2025. A total of 130 tonsil specimens (swabs and tissue samples) were collected, of which showed positive microbial growth 110. The identification of these isolates was done based on cultural, microscopic tests, biochemical tests and the VITEK 2 system identification kits. Results indicate that 38 isolates (34.5%) were positive for S. aureus with the high prevalence observed in recurrent tonsillitis, accounting for 65.7%. Moreover, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was identified in 44.7% of cases. Additionally, Streptococcus pyogenes was detected in (20.9%) of the cases. Findings underscore the significance of S. aureus as a major pathogen in Tonsillitis and highlight the need for effective monitoring and treatment strategies to combat antibiotic resistance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Samara Hameed Abd-Alhassan, Khairi Jameel Waheed Al-Ruaby https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Molecular Surveillance of mecA, mecC, and blaZ Genes in Urpathogenic Coagulase-negative Staphylococci Isolated from Woman Outpatients in Wasit Province, Iraq
Urinary tract infections caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci have increased, accompanied by raising antibiotic resistance particularly during pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of mecA, mecC, blaZ, and vanA genes in Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolates from young female outpatients with acute UTI. Hence, 26 S. epidermidis and 22 S. haemolyticus isolates were surveyed in this study. mecA gene was identified in both S. epidermidis 88.4% and S. haemolyticus 86.3% isolates, with no significant difference between the two species. The blaZ gene was present in 96.3% and 81.8% of S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus isolates, also the difference was not significant. All mecA-positive S. epidermidis isolates and 84.2% of mecA-positive S. haemolyticus isolates co-carried blaZ gene. The vanA and mecC genes were absent from all isolates. These findings highlight the emergence of β-lactams' resistance among CoNS isolated from young women outpatients with acute UTI in the study area.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zahraa Kadhim Hamad, Sareaa Maseer Gatya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0